Introduction To Our Model The “Omics Machine”

MAGISNAT has developed the "OMICS Machine" model through the multiomic approach, offering a comprehensive understanding of how genes, metabolites, and proteins intertwine within major categories such as the immune system, oxidative stress, inflammation, longevity, deficiency states, increased demands, specific conditions, physical activity, brain health, and sleep. Our goal is to provide people with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions and optimize individual well-being.

The "OMICS Machine" model identifies how natural molecules can provide beneficial effects within the studied biochemical pathways by discovering how to rebalance homeostasis.

OMICS Machine

Natural Molecules and Pathways

Learn about the functions, pathways involved, omics biomarkers, natural sources, and more information about the natural molecules the lab studies.

Classification:

Plant extracts titrated into active ingredients

Vitamins

Minerals

Other substances with physiological effect

Plant extracts titrated into active ingredients

Anthocyanins (Prickly Pear Extract)

  • Function

Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids widely found in fruits and vegetables. They are potent antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress by reducing damage caused by free radicals to cells, and they are also known for their anti-inflammatory properties.

  • Pathways Involved

Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Cell Function Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Transferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Complement C3, Complement C4, Complement C5, Complement C1q, Complement C1r, Complement C1s, Complement C2, Complement C6, Complement C7, Complement C8, Complement C9, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Complement Factor B, Complement Factor D, Complement Factor H, Complement Factor I, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)
  • Natural Sources
Prickly pear, blueberries, pomegranate, red grapes, cocoa, nuts

Scientific Article Box

  • Dhuli K, Bonetti G, Micheletti C, Macchia A, Iaconelli A, Aquilanti B, Matera G, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Bertelli M. Unraveling the Role of Prickly Pear Extract as a Potent Nutraceutical Agent Against Metabolic Syndromes. Clin Ter. 2023 Nov-Dec;174(Suppl 2(6)):159-168. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2483. PMID: 37994760.
  • Wallace, Taylor C, and M Monica Giusti. “Anthocyanins.” Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) vol. 6,5 620-2. 15 Sep. 2015, doi:10.3945/an.115.009233
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Beta-Sitosterol (Nettle Extract)

  • Function

Beta-sitosterol is a bioactive compound found in nettle extract, a plant known for its health-promoting properties. This phytosterol has been extensively studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypocholesterolemic properties. Specifically, beta-sitosterol could help reduce cholesterol levels in the blood, thus improving cardiovascular health. Additionally, it has been suggested to play a role in supporting the immune system.

  • Pathways Involved

Lipid Metabolism Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), L-Carnitine Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources
Various oils such as corn oil, wheat germ oil, cottonseed oil; nuts (pecans, cashews), avocado, pumpkin seeds, and sea buckthorn.

Scientific Article Box

  • Abo-Zaid OA, Moawed FS, Ismail ES, Farrag MA. β-sitosterol attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by modulating lipid metabolism, inflammation, and ER stress pathway. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2023 May 12;24(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s40360-023-00671-0. PMID: 37173727; PMCID: PMC10182633.
  • Khan Z, Nath N, Rauf A, Emran TB, Mitra S, Islam F, Chandran D, Barua J, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Wilairatana P, Thiruvengadam M. Multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of β-sitosterol: Emerging evidence toward clinical applications. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Sep 25;365:110117. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110117. Epub 2022 Aug 19. PMID: 35995256.
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Flavonoids – Vitexin (Passionflower Extract)

  • Function

Flavonoids are a family of natural compounds found in the plant kingdom and widely utilized in dietary supplement industry. Specifically, they belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites with a polyphenolic structure. In the Passiflora plant, commonly known as passionflower, various types of flavonoids are present, including vitexin. Vitexin intervenes in various biochemical processes such as inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress.

  • Pathways Involved

Immunity and inflammation pathway, oxidative stress pathway, Cell function pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Transferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Passionflower, berries, strawberries, citrus fruits, etc.

Scientific Article Box

  • Khan Z, Nath N, Rauf A, Emran TB, Mitra S, Islam F, Chandran D, Barua J, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Wilairatana P, Thiruvengadam M. Multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of β-sitosterol: Emerging evidence toward clinical applications. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Sep 25;365:110117. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110117. Epub 2022 Aug 19. PMID: 35995256.
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Hesperidin (Citrus fruit extract)

  • Function

Hesperidin is a potent antioxidant that helps neutralize free radicals in our bodies. It has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, capable of reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in the inflammatory response. It can improve endothelial function, reduce artery inflammation, and lower blood pressure. Additionally, hesperidin can lower bad cholesterol (LDL) and increase good cholesterol (HDL), helping to prevent heart disease.

  • Pathways Involved

Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources
Citrus fruits such as oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, and lemons

Scientific Article Box

  • Buzdağlı Y, Eyipınar CD, Kacı FN, Tekin A. Effects of hesperidin on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response in healthy people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Int J Environ Health Res. 2023 Dec;33(12):1390-1405. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2093841. Epub 2022 Jun 28. PMID: 35762134.
  • Bonetti G, Dhuli K, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements in lymphedema. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E200-E205. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2761. PMID: 36479479; PMCID: PMC9710411.
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Hydroxytyrosol (Olive Tree Extract)

  • Function

Hydroxytyrosol is a polyphenol found in olive fruit and olive leaves. It possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. Studies on animal and cellular models have indicated that hydroxytyrosol can reduce oxidative damage, lower blood pressure, and improve endothelial function.

  • Involved Pathways

Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources
Olive oil (in low quantity), olive fruit and olive leaves

Scientific Article Box

  • Bonetti G, Dhuli K, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements in lymphedema. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E200-E205. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2761. PMID: 36479479; PMCID: PMC9710411.
  • Bertelli M, Kiani AK, Paolacci S, Manara E, Kurti D, Dhuli K, Bushati V, Miertus J, Pangallo D, Baglivo M, Beccari T, Michelini S. Hydroxytyrosol: A natural compound with promising pharmacological activities. J Biotechnol. 2020 Feb 10;309:29-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.12.016. Epub 2019 Dec 26. PMID: 31884046.
  • Bertelli M, Kiani AK, Paolacci S, Manara E, Dautaj A, Beccari T, Michelini S. Molecular pathways involved in lymphedema: Hydroxytyrosol as a candidate natural compound for treating the effects of lymph accumulation. J Biotechnol. 2020 Jan 20;308:82-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.11.017. Epub 2019 Nov 30. PMID: 31794783.
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Oleuropein (Olive Tree Extract)

  • Function

Oleuropein is another polyphenol found in olive fruit and olive leaves. Specifically, it has been found that oleuropein can protect the brain from oxidative stress and may have a preventive role. It is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, oleuropein also appears to have positive effects on blood sugar regulation and lipid metabolism.

  • Involved Pathways

Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Lipid Metabolism Pathway, Carbohydrate Metabolism Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14, ADIPOQ, LEP, LEPR, KCNJ11, AMY1A, UCP2, UCP3, PPARG, PYGM
  • Metabolomic: Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), L-Carnitine (levocarnitine), Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, Citric acid (citrate), Isocitric acid (isocitrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Malic acid (malate), Oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate), Alanine, Aspartic acid, Serine
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, α-Amylase (Ptyalin), Salivary Lipase
  • Natural Sources
Olive oil (in low quantity), olive fruit and olive leaves

Scientific Article Box

  • Pojero F, Aiello A, Gervasi F, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Calabrò A, Procopio A, Candore G, Accardi G, Allegra M. Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Inflammatory Mediators: Consequences on Inflammaging. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 26;24(1):380. doi: 10.3390/ijms24010380. PMID: 36613822; PMCID: PMC9820525.
  • Ahamad J, Toufeeq I, Khan MA, Ameen MSM, Anwer ET, Uthirapathy S, Mir SR, Ahmad J. Oleuropein: A natural antioxidant molecule in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Phytother Res. 2019 Dec;33(12):3112-3128. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6511. Epub 2019 Nov 20. PMID: 31746508.
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Polydatin (Polygonum Cuspidatum extract)

  • Function

Polydatin is derived from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum and is the glycosylated form of resveratrol, with higher bioavailability. It is a natural molecule known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, polydatin aids lipid metabolism and protects endothelial cells. Polydatin also helps to absorb Vitamin D.

  • Involved Pathways

Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Lipid Metabolism Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), L-Carnitine (levocarnitine), Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB
  • Natural Sources

Polygonum cuspidatum, grapes, peanuts, cocoa-containing products.

Scientific Article Box

  • Karami A, Fakhri S, Kooshki L, Khan H. Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits. Molecules. 2022 Oct 1;27(19):6474. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196474. PMID: 36235012; PMCID: PMC9572446. Proanthocyanidins (Pine Bark Extract)
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Proanthocyanidins (Pine Bark Extract)

  • Function

Proanthocyanidins are polyphenolic compounds with a strong antioxidant action, useful for microcirculation and blood circulation. Widely distributed in nature, proanthocyanidins are useful in preventing cardiovascular diseases and have anti-inflammatory properties.

  • Involved Pathways

Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Cell Function Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Transferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23
  • Natural Sources

Pine bark, grape seeds, red wine, citrus fruits, and blueberries.

Scientific Article Box

  • Zeng YX, Wang S, Wei L, Cui YY, Chen YH. Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties. Am J Chin Med. 2020;48(4):813-869. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X2050041X. PMID: 32536248.
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Resveratrol (Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract)

  • Function

Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in grapes, mulberries, and cocoa, which has shown to possess several health benefits. Its antioxidant action helps counteract oxidative stress caused by free radicals, thus protecting cells from damage and slowing down the aging process. Additionally, resveratrol has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, which can be useful in reducing inflammation associated with various conditions. Resveratrol also helps to absorb Vitamin D.

  • Involved Pathways

Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources
Roots of Polygonum cuspidatum, black grape skin, grape juice, red wine, peanuts, blueberries, red fruits, cocoa.

Scientific Article Box

  • Galiniak S, Aebisher D, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Health benefits of resveratrol administration. Acta Biochim Pol. 2019 Feb 28;66(1):13-21. doi: 10.18388/abp.2018_2749. PMID: 30816367.
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Silymarin (Milk Thistle extract)

  • Function

Silymarin is a flavonoid extracted from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Its antioxidant effect counteracts the damaging action of free radicals in the body, protecting cells from harm. Additionally, silymarin is known for its hepatoprotective effects and can help protect the liver from toxic substances. The anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin help reduce inflammation and promote overall well-being.

  • Involved Pathways

Oxidative stress pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Transferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Fruits and leaves of milk thistle

Scientific Article Box

  • Aghemo A, Alekseeva OP, Angelico F, Bakulin IG, Bakulina NV, Bordin D, Bueverov AO, Drapkina OM, Gillessen A, Kagarmanova EM, Korochanskaya NV, Kucheryavii UA, Lazebnik LB, Livzan MA, Maev IV, Martynov AI, Osipenko MF, Sas EI, Starodubova A, Uspensky YP, Vinnitskaya EV, Yakovenko EP, Yakovlev AA. Role of silymarin as antioxidant in clinical management of chronic liver diseases: a narrative review. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):1548-1560. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2069854. PMID: 35635048; PMCID: PMC9186366.
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Vitamins

Vitamin A

  • Function
Vitamin A refers to fat-soluble compounds found as preformed vitamin A (retinol) in animal products and as provitamin A carotenoids in fruits and vegetables. The three active forms of vitamin A in the body are retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid. It is essential for proper functioning of the visual system, cell regeneration, and immune system support.
  • Pathways Involved

Vitamin A Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: BCO1, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Eggs, carrots, spinach, and red peppers.

Scientific Article Box

  • Dewett D, Lam-Kamath K, Poupault C, Khurana H, Rister J. Mechanisms of vitamin A metabolism and deficiency in the mammalian and fly visual system. Dev Biol. 2021 Aug;476:68-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.013. Epub 2021 Mar 25. PMID: 33774009; PMCID: PMC8172435.
  • Bonetti G, Dhuli K, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements in lymphedema. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E200-E205. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2761. PMID: 36479479; PMCID: PMC9710411.
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Vitamin B1

  • Function

Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin, also known as vitamin B1. It is present in the human body as free thiamine and in various phosphorylated forms such as thiamine monophosphate (TMP), thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), etc. Vitamin B1 is essential for cellular energy metabolism, proper functioning of the nervous system, and heart health.

  • Pathways Involved

Vitamin B’s Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway, Cell Signaling Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: ALPL, CBS, MTHFR, FUT2, CUBN, MTRR, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, VEGFA, GHRL, CNTF, VEGFC, AGT, HGF, ADIPOQ, NGF, TH, BDNF, ANGPT2, AGRP, HSD11B1, ACE2, BDKRN2, DRD2, ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, INSR, FLT4, LEPR, NR3C2, MC4R, NRP2, NTRK1
  • Metabolomic: Citric acid (citrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Estrone, Testosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Progesterone, Androstenedione, Aldosterone, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, also known as prostacyclin), Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Legumes, whole grains, nuts, and seeds

Scientific Article Box

  • Tylicki A, Siemieniuk M. Tiamina i jej pochodne w regulacji metabolizmu komórek [Thiamine and its derivatives in the regulation of cell metabolism]. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2011 Jul 6;65:447-69. Polish. doi: 10.5604/17322693.951633. PMID: 21734329.
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Vitamin B12

  • Function
Vitamin B12 stands out from other vitamins because it includes a metallic ion, cobalt. Consequently, the name cobalamin is used to describe compounds that have vitamin B12 activity. The human body utilizes vitamin B12 in the forms of methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. This vitamin plays a crucial role in the production of red blood cells, the functioning of the nervous system, and the synthesis of DNA.
  • Pathways Involved

Vitamin B’s Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: ALPL, CBS, MTHFR, FUT2, CUBN, MTRR, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, C5orf52, ARMH4, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, LTB4R, LTA4H, TNF, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic:Citric acid (citrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Cereals, soy-based products, red meat, chicken, seafood.

Scientific Article Box

  • Carmel R. Efficacy and safety of fortification and supplementation with vitamin B12: biochemical and physiological effects. Food Nutr Bull. 2008 Jun;29(2 Suppl):S177-87. doi: 10.1177/15648265080292S121. PMID: 18709891.
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Vitamin B6

  • Function

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that encompasses six common forms: pyridoxal, pyridoxine (also known as pyridoxol), pyridoxamine, and their phosphorylated versions. The phosphorylated ester derivative pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) serves as the bioactive form of the coenzyme, participating in many enzymatic reactions and supporting numerous metabolic processes. Vitamin B6 is essential for maintaining nervous system health, producing energy, and forming hemoglobin.

  • Pathways Involved

Vitamin B’s Pathway, Oxidative stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: ALPL, CBS, MTHFR, FUT2, CUBN, MTRR, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Citric acid (citrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Fish, chicken, potatoes, bananas, spinach, and sunflower seeds.

Scientific Article Box

  • Ueland PM, McCann A, Midttun Ø, Ulvik A. Inflammation, vitamin B6 and related pathways. Mol Aspects Med. 2017 Feb;53:10-27. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.08.001. Epub 2016 Sep 1. PMID: 27593095.
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Vitamin B9

  • Function

Folate, also referred to as vitamin B9 or folacin, is a water-soluble vitamin. Naturally occurring folates appear in various chemical forms and are present in foods as well as in their metabolically active forms within the human body. Vitamin B9 is crucial for cell growth, DNA synthesis, and the protection of neuronal cells.

  • Pathways Involved

Vitamin B’s Pathway, Nucleotide Metabolism, Oxidative Stress Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: ALPL, CBS, MTHFR, FUT2, CUBN, MTRR, AMPD1, EPAS1, GABPB1, FOXC2, NCOA1, NCOA2, RAVER1, MCM6, TERT, RFC4, PTBP2, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4
  • Metabolomic: Citric acid (citrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E
  • Proteomic: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin)
  • Natural Sources
Spinach, asparagus, lentils, and citrus fruits

Scientific Article Box

  • Merrell BJ, McMurry JP. Folic Acid. 2023 Aug 8. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 32119374.
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Vitamin C

  • Function

Vitamin C, commonly called ascorbic acid, is a potent antioxidant essential for bolstering the immune system and shielding cells from damage caused by free radicals. On a molecular level, vitamin C participates in various enzymatic reactions, including the synthesis of collagen, a vital protein for the health of skin, bones, and blood vessels. Furthermore, it enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which is crucial for the formation of red blood cells.

  • Pathways Involved

Oxidative stress Pathway, Vitamin C Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SLC23A1, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, C5orf52, ARMH4, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, LTB4R, LTA4H, TNF, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Citric acid (citrate), Isocitric acid (isocitrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Malic acid (malate), Oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate), Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Citrus fruits, kiwi, bell peppers, broccoli, and strawberries.

Scientific Article Box

  • Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. 2017 Nov 3;9(11):1211. doi: 10.3390/nu9111211. PMID: 29099763; PMCID: PMC5707683.
  • Kiani AK, Dhuli K, Donato K, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Iaconelli A, Connelly ST, Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Bertelli M. Main nutritional deficiencies. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E93-E101. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2752. PMID: 36479498; PMCID: PMC9710417.
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Vitamin D

  • Function

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for managing calcium and phosphorus metabolism, as well as maintaining bone health and supporting immune function. Its molecular mechanism involves conversion into its active form, vitamin D3 or calcitriol, through skin exposure to sunlight or consumption of vitamin D-rich foods. The active form of vitamin D binds to receptors in the cells of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, enhancing the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

  • Pathways Involved

Vitamin D Pathway, Calcium Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: GC, CYP2R1, VDR, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, C5orf52, ARMH4, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, LTB4R, LTA4H, TNF, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, COL1A1
  • Metabolomic: Vitamin D (Calciferol), Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Some mushrooms, cereals, and plant-based milk

Scientific Article Box

  • Goltzman D. Functions of vitamin D in bone. Histochem Cell Biol. 2018 Apr;149(4):305-312. doi: 10.1007/s00418-018-1648-y. Epub 2018 Feb 12. PMID: 29435763.
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Vitamin E

  • Function

Vitamin E refers to a group of eight fat-soluble compounds with antioxidant properties, including four tocopherol isoforms and four tocotrienol isoforms. Among these, only α-tocopherol fulfills human vitamin E requirements and holds the most nutritional significance. As a powerful antioxidant, it inhibits the spread of free radicals in cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins. Additionally, α-tocopherol likely plays a role in boosting certain aspects of cell-mediated immunity.

  • Pathways Involved

Vitamin E Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SCARB1, CD36, CYP4F2, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and spinach.

Scientific Article Box

  • Miyazawa T, Burdeos GC, Itaya M, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T. Vitamin E: Regulatory Redox Interactions. IUBMB Life. 2019 Apr;71(4):430-441. doi: 10.1002/iub.2008. Epub 2019 Jan 25. PMID: 30681767.
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Minerals

Iron

  • Function

Iron is a vital mineral that plays a key role in the production of red blood cells and the delivery of oxygen to body tissues. On a molecular level, iron is a crucial component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to every cell in the body. Additionally, iron is important for cellular energy production, the structure of numerous essential molecules, and the functioning of the immune system. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron.

  • Pathways Involved

Iron Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Cell Function Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SLC17A1, HFE, TMPRSS6, BTBD9, TFR2, TF, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, C5orf52, ARMH4, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, LTB4R, LTA4H, TNF, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, GABPB11, NCOA2, EPAS1, FOXC2, NCOA1, RAVER1, MCM6, TERT, PTBP2, RFC4
  • Metabolomic: Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose
  • Proteomic: Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)
  • Natural Sources

Red meat, spinach, lentils, nuts, and seeds.

Scientific Article Box

  • Dutt S, Hamza I, Bartnikas TB. Molecular Mechanisms of Iron and Heme Metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr. 2022 Aug 22;42:311-335. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-112625. Epub 2022 May 4. PMID: 35508203; PMCID: PMC9398995.
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Selenium

  • Function

Selenium is a crucial mineral that acts as an antioxidant and supports the immune system. On a molecular level, selenium is an essential part of several selenoproteins, which serve as antioxidants and participate in various biological processes, including immune system regulation and the production of thyroid hormones.

  • Pathways Involved

Selenium Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SELENOP, SELENOF, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Transferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Complement C3, Complement C5, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)
  • Natural Sources

Brazil nuts, whole grains, brown rice, red meat, seafood.

Scientific Article Box

  • Zhang F, Li X, Wei Y. Selenium and Selenoproteins in Health. Biomolecules. 2023 May 8;13(5):799. doi: 10.3390/biom13050799. PMID: 37238669; PMCID: PMC10216560.
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Other Substances with Physiological Effect

Acetyl-Carnitine

  • Function

Acetyl-carnitine is formed by the esterification of an L-carnitine molecule with an acetyl group. This molecule is highly regarded for its antioxidant benefits and its excellent tolerability. Acetyl-carnitine aids in the transport of fatty acids into cells, thereby supporting energy production.

  • Pathways Involved

Lipid Metabolism Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), L-Carnitine Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources

Avocado, soy

Scientific Article Box

  • Traina G. The neurobiology of acetyl-L-carnitine. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2016 Jun 1;21(7):1314-29. doi: 10.2741/4459. PMID: 27100509.
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Digestive Enzymes

  • Function

Digestive enzymes such as amylase, protease, glucoamylase, lipase, cellulase, lactase, pectinase, and bromelain are essential for improving the digestion process. Amylase is an enzyme that plays a key role in digesting starches into simple sugars, such as glucose, which can be absorbed and utilized by the body for energy. Lipase is an enzyme involved in the digestion of fats by helping to break down triglycerides in food into fatty acids and glycerol. Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from pineapple (Ananas comosus) and may help combat pain and swelling associated with inflammation. Lactase is an enzyme responsible for digesting lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. The main function of proteases is to break down proteins into amino acids. Glucoamylase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of carbohydrates. Cellulase is an enzyme responsible for digesting cellulose, which is degraded into cellobiose, a disaccharide formed by two glucose molecules. Pectinase, along with cellulase and hemicellulase, is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of plant-based foods, increasing their nutritional and prebiotic value.

  • Pathways Involved

Lipid Metabolism Pathway, Carbohydrate Metabolism Pathway, Amino Acids Metabolism Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14,  ADIPOQ,  LEP,  LEPR, KCNJ11,  AMY1A, UCP2,  UCP3,  PPARG, PYGM,  SCN9A, CLTRN,  RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10,  NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), L-Carnitine (levocarnitine), Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, Citric acid (citrate), Isocitric acid (isocitrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Malic acid (malate), Oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate), Alanine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Serine, Arginine, Asparagine, Cysteine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, α-Amylase (Ptyalin), Salivary Lipase, Cystatin C, Cystatin D, Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources
Plant enzymes in their natural state are found in all uncooked or untreated plant-based foods. Sprouted seeds are also a rich natural source of digestive enzymes.
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Melatonin

  • Function

Melatonin is a hormone naturally synthesized by the human body to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin derived from plants can help manage sleep-wake rhythms, and may also provide antioxidant benefits, potential anti-inflammatory effects, and support for the immune system.

  • Pathways Involved

Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Cell Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7, TMPRSS2, CYP2D6, IRF5, IL1B, TERT, PON1, LTA, TNFRSF1B, IL17A, IL6, C5orf52, ARMH4, LTB4R, LTA4H, TLR2, TLR4, HGF, EPHB4, IL1R1, IL4, IL6, IL10, NFKB2, SYK, ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, VEGFA, GHRL, CNTF, VEGFC, AGT, HGF, ADIPOQ, NGF, TH, BDNF, ANGPT2, AGRP, HSD11B1, ACE2, BDKRN2, DRD2, ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, INSR, FLT4, LEPR, NR3C2, MC4R, NRP2, NTRK1
  • Metabolomic: Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Estrone, Testosterone, Progesterone, Androstenedione, Aldosterone, Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2), Vitamin E
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Transferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)
  • Natural Sources

Whole grains, corn, oats, legumes such as lentils and beans, tomatoes, and radishes etc.

Scientific Article Box

  • Atayik MC, Çakatay U. Melatonin-related signaling pathways and their regulatory effects in aging organisms. Biogerontology. 2022 Oct;23(5):529-539. doi: 10.1007/s10522-022-09981-y. Epub 2022 Jul 27. PMID: 35895186.
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N-acetylcysteine

  • Function

N-acetylcysteine may play a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage, supporting lung function, and promoting liver health. N-acetylcysteine is involved in the production of glutathione, a potent antioxidant.

  • Pathways Involved

Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Cell Function Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1, TLR7 ,TMPRSS2 ,CYP2D6 ,IRF5 ,IL1B ,TERT ,PON1 ,LTA ,TNFRSF1B ,IL17A, C5orf52, ARMH4 ,LTB4R, LTA4H ,TLR2 ,TLR4 ,HGF ,EPHB4 ,IL1R1 ,IL4 , IL6 ,IL10, NFKB2 ,SYK ,ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Transferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)
  • Natural Sources

N-acetyl-cysteine is a stable form of the amino acid L-cysteine. Cysteine is commonly found in high-protein foods such as chicken, eggs, and legumes.

Scientific Article Box

  • Raghu G, Berk M, Campochiaro PA, Jaeschke H, Marenzi G, Richeldi L, Wen FQ, Nicoletti F, Calverley PMA. The Multifaceted Therapeutic Role of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in Disorders Characterized by Oxidative Stress. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021;19(8):1202-1224. doi: 10.2174/1570159X19666201230144109. PMID: 33380301; PMCID: PMC8719286.
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Spermidine

  • Function

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine compound found in wheat germ and rice germ. The biochemical processes in which spermidine is involved include inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress.

  • Pathways Involved

Oxidative Stress Pathway and Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

  • Omics Biomarkers
  • Genomic: SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1 ,TLR7 ,TMPRSS2 ,CYP2D6 ,IRF5 ,IL1B ,TERT ,PON1 ,LTA ,TNFRSF1B ,IL17A,C5orf52 ,ARMH4 ,LTB4R ,LTA4H ,TLR2 ,TLR4 ,HGF ,EPHB4 ,IL1R1 ,IL4 ,IL6 ,IL10, NFKB2 ,SYK ,ALOX5
  • Metabolomic: Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Vitamin E, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
  • Proteomic: Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Transferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
  • Natural Sources
Broccoli, cauliflower, tuber vegetables, mushrooms, nuts, cereals, and legumes.

Scientific Article Box

  • Ni YQ, Liu YS. New Insights into the Roles and Mechanisms of Spermidine in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis. 2021 Dec 1;12(8):1948-1963. doi: 10.14336/AD.2021.0603. PMID: 34881079; PMCID: PMC8612618.
  • Bonetti G, Dhuli K, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements in lymphedema. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E200-E205. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2761. PMID: 36479479; PMCID: PMC9710411.
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