OMICS Markers for Wellness and Personalization

Introduction

Omics tests offer a detailed insight into molecular processes linking genetics to daily lifestyle choices like diet, supplements, and exercise. By using DNA sequencing, metabolomic, and proteomic profiling, these tests reveal mechanisms that drive homeostasis.

The results of omics tests provide a comprehensive overview of our metabolism, inflammation, cellular oxidation, and other crucial biological processes, thereby offering a solid foundation for better personalizing our lifestyle. Each person's unique molecular profile underscores the need for tailored health approaches.

Furthermore, omics tests aid in optimizing lifestyle to enhance well-being while identifying susceptibilities to diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular issues, obesity, and certain types of cancer.

OMICS Machine

Genomics: Genomics studies DNA to understand and apply genetic information. Genomic tests analyze DNA for variations to personalize lifestyles or detect health predispositions. Tests can be targeted, focusing on specific regions, or untargeted, sequencing the entire genome.

Metabolomics: Metabolomics studies small molecules, or metabolites, within cells, biofluids, or tissues. This aids in studying molecular mechanisms, nutritional balance, and overall health. Metabolomics reflects biochemical activity and cellular states, enabling repeated analysis to track health progress.

Proteomics: Proteomics studies large-scale protein production in organisms. The proteome varies by cell and over time, influenced by more than gene expression. Tests analyze protein profiles in samples, detailing their structure, function, and interactions. These tests can be used repeatedly to track health progress.

Molecular Pathways and Omics Markers

Study of Molecular Pathways in physiological conditions (athletes, sportspeople n and deficiency states) or in pathological conditions to help reduce risk and susceptibility to pathological conditions. Our laboratory uses Omics Science to explore key biochemical pathways in the human body to personalize the lifestyles and the dietary supplementation in order to achieve the wellbeing. Our integrated approach uses “Omics Pathway Analysis.”

Omics Markers In:

Physiological Conditions

Pathological Conditions

Physiological Conditions:

Athlets, Sportpeople and increased Demands:

The assessment of omics markers is a tool for analyzing the body's physiological responses to physical activity stimuli. These markers, which include SNPs, genes, metabolites, and proteins, provide information on the body's overall health status, energy metabolism, and adaptation to exercise. Through multiomics approaches such as genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, the assessment of omics markers allows the acquisition of detailed data that can be compared with baseline levels and monitored over time to assess the effectiveness of training and identify any metabolic imbalances. In addition, analysis of omics markers helps optimize nutritional strategies, allowing maximizing sports performance and promoting rapid recovery after exertion. This approach is represented by the 'OMICS MACHINE', which provides a detailed overview of the metabolic pathways involved and helps to better understand the role and function of omics markers within the body thus helping to improve sports performance and overall health.

Lipid Metabolism Pathway, Carbohydrate Metabolism Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway

Genomic Markers: FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14, ADIPOQ, LEP, LEPR, KCNJ11, AMY1A, UCP2, UCP3, PPARG, PYGM, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3,MSTN, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4
Metabolomic Markers: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), L-Carnitine (levocarnitine), Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, Citric acid (citrate), Isocitric acid (isocitrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Malic acid (malate), Oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate), Alanine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Serine, Alanina, Arginina, Asparagina, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Vitamin E
Proteomic Markers: Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, α-Amylase (Ptyalin), Salivary Lipase, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin)

Scientific Article Box

Donato K, Madeo G, Micheletti C, Cristoni S, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Iaconelli A, Aquilanti B, Matera G, Herbst KL, Bertelli M. Nutrigenomics: SNPs correlated to physical activity, response to chiropractic treatment, mood and sleep. Clin Ter. 2023 Nov-Dec;174(Suppl 2(6)):183-192. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2486. PMID: 37994763.
Baronio M, Sadia H, Paolacci S, Prestamburgo D, Miotti D, Guardamagna VA, Natalini G, Sullivan SGB, Bertelli M. Molecular Aspects of Regional Pain Syndrome. Pain Res Manag. 2020 Apr 11;2020:7697214. doi: 10.1155/2020/7697214. PMID: 32351641; PMCID: PMC7171689.
Sullivan SG, Paolacci S, Kiani AK, Bertelli M. Chiropractic care for hypertension: Review of the literature and study of biological and genetic bases. Acta Biomed. 2020 Nov 9;91(13-S):e2020017. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10524. PMID: 33170172; PMCID: PMC8023135.
Dhuli K, Naureen Z, Medori MC, Fioretti F, Caruso P, Perrone MA, Nodari S, Manganotti P, Xhufi S, Bushati M, Bozo D, Connelly ST, Herbst KL, Bertelli M. Physical activity for health. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E150-E159. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2756. PMID: 36479484; PMCID: PMC9710390.
Naureen Z, Perrone M, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Dhuli K, Kurti D, Dautaj A, Miotto R, Casadei A, Fioretti B, Beccari T, Romeo F, Bertelli M. Genetic test for the personalization of sport training. Acta Biomed. 2020 Nov 9;91(13-S):e2020012. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10593. PMID: 33170162; PMCID: PMC8023127.

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Deficiency States:

Evaluation of omics markers offers an approach to understanding physiological changes and identifying potential metabolic dysfunction. These markers, which include SNPs, genes, metabolites, and proteins, can provide insight into the health status of the body thus highlighting deficiency states. Evaluation of omics markers is done through multiomics approaches such as genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. These data can be compared with reference values to identify deviations from the norm and better understand the underlying causes of deficiencies. Analysis of omics markers can then guide toward integrated diet planning aimed at correcting deficiencies and restoring physiological balance. To better understand the role of each molecule, the 'OMICS MACHINE' offers detailed information on how they interact with each other or alone in different metabolic pathways. This information helps to better understand their function within the body, offering a better approach to optimizing diet and overall well-being.

Vitamins and Minerals Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

Genomic Markers: BCO1, ALPL, CBS, MTHFR, FUT2, CUBN, MTRR, SLC23A1, SLC23A2, GC, CYP2R1, VDR, SCARB1, CD36, CYP4F2, COL1A1, ESR1, SLC17A1, HFE, TMPRSS6, BTBD9, TFR2, TF, TRPM6, CNNM2, SELENOP, SELENOF, SLC30A8, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1 ,TLR7 ,TMPRSS2 ,CYP2D6 ,IRF5 ,IL1B ,TERT ,PON1 ,LTA ,TNFRSF1B ,IL17A ,IL6 ,C5orf52 ,ARMH4 ,LTB4R ,LTA4H ,TLR2 ,TLR4 ,HGF ,EPHB4 ,IL1R1 ,IL4 ,IL6 ,IL10, NFKB2 ,SYK ,ALOX5
Metabolomic Markers: Citric acid (citrate), Isocitric acid (isocitrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Malic acid (malate), Oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate), Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), Vitamin B7 (Biotin), Vitamin B9 (Folic acid), Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), Vitamin D (Calciferol), Vitamin E (Tocopherol), Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
Proteomic Markers: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)

Scientific Article Box

Micheletti C, Madeo G, Macchia A, Donato K, Cristoni S, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Iaconelli A, Aquilanti B, Matera G, Herbst KL, Bertelli M. Nutrigenomics: SNPs correlated to vitamins' deficiencies. Clin Ter. 2023 Nov-Dec;174(Suppl 2(6)):173-182. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2485. PMID: 37994762.
Kiani AK, Dhuli K, Donato K, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Iaconelli A, Connelly ST, Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Bertelli M. Main nutritional deficiencies. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E93-E101. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2752. PMID: 36479498; PMCID: PMC9710417.
Kiani AK, Bonetti G, Donato K, Kaftalli J, Herbst KL, Stuppia L, Fioretti F, Nodari S, Perrone M, Chiurazzi P, Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Bertelli M. Polymorphisms, diet and nutrigenomics. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E125-E141. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2754. PMID: 36479483; PMCID: PMC9710387.
Naureen Z, Cristoni S, Donato K, Medori MC, Samaja M, Herbst KL, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Fioretti F, Iaconelli A, Perrone MA, DI Giulio L, Gregorace E, Chiurazzi P, Nodari S, Connelly ST, Bertelli M. Metabolomics application for the design of an optimal diet. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E142-E149. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2755. PMID: 36479478; PMCID: PMC9710392.

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Elderly People

Evaluation of omics markers represents an advanced approach to understanding physiological changes in the elderly and identifying potential metabolic dysfunction. These markers, which include SNPS, genes, metabolites, and proteins, can provide insight into overall health status, highlighting possible nutritional deficiencies or dysfunction. The assessment of omics markers in the elderly is done through multiomics approaches such as genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics offering the possibility of detecting deviations from the norm and better understanding the underlying causes of nutritional deficiencies and age-related physiological changes. Analysis of omics markers can then guide the planning of integrated and personalized diets aimed at correcting specific deficiencies and restoring physiological balance in the elderly. To delve deeper into the role of each molecule, the 'OMICS MACHINE' offers detailed information on how these molecules interact in different metabolic pathways. This knowledge helps to better understand their functions within the body, helping to improve the diet and overall well-being of the elderly.

Vitamins and Minerals Pathway, Oxidative Stress Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

Genomic Markers: BCO1, ALPL, CBS, MTHFR, FUT2, CUBN, MTRR, SLC23A1, SLC23A2, GC, CYP2R1, VDR, SCARB1, CD36, CYP4F2, COL1A1, ESR1, SLC17A1, HFE, TMPRSS6, BTBD9, TFR2, TF, TRPM6, CNNM2, SELENOP, SELENOF, SLC30A8, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1 ,TLR7 ,TMPRSS2 ,CYP2D6 ,IRF5 ,IL1B ,TERT ,PON1 ,LTA ,TNFRSF1B ,IL17A ,IL6 ,C5orf52 ,ARMH4 ,LTB4R ,LTA4H ,TLR2 ,TLR4 ,HGF ,EPHB4 ,IL1R1 ,IL4 ,IL6 ,IL10, NFKB2 ,SYK ,ALOX5
Metabolomic Markers: Citric acid (citrate), Isocitric acid (isocitrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Malic acid (malate), Oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate), Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), Vitamin B7 (Biotin), Vitamin B9 (Folic acid), Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), Vitamin D (Calciferol), Vitamin E (Tocopherol), Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Methionine, Arginine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S),Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4)
Proteomic Markers: Albumin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)

Scientific Article Box

Naureen Z, Dhuli K, Medori MC, Caruso P, Manganotti P, Chiurazzi P, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements in neurological diseases and brain aging. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E174-E188. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2759. PMID: 36479494; PMCID: PMC9710403.
Bonetti G, Medori MC, Dhuli K, Macchia A, Donato K, Cristoni S, Miertus S, Miertus J, Veselenyiova D, Iaconelli A, Aquilanti B, Matera G, Connelly ST, Bertelli M. Nutrigenomics: SNPs correlated to detoxification, antioxidant capacity and longevity. Clin Ter. 2023 Nov-Dec;174(Suppl 2(6)):209-213. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2489. PMID: 37994766.

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Pathological Conditions:

Study of pathways for lifestyle personalization to help better manage conditions such as: obesity, lymphedema, lipedema, anorexia, retinal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.

The assessment of omics markers has a potential role in the management of pathological conditions such as obesity, lymphedema, lipedema, anorexia, retinal disease, and cardiovascular disease. These markers, represented by SNPs, genes, metabolites, and proteins, can provide insights regarding the metabolic and physiological alterations associated with these conditions. By studying the metabolic pathways involved in these conditions and analyzing specific omics patterns, it is possible to offer a more to live better with in cases when pathological conditions are found or diagnosed. In addition, the omics marker-based approach allows personalization of management strategies through a more detailed understanding of the metabolic pathways involved and through diet and lifestyle optimization. This integrated approach offers new insights into the management and treatment of these complex conditions, enabling more accurate personalization and improving quality of life.

OBESITY

Obesity is defined as “an excessive accumulation of fat that can compromise health.” It results from an imbalance between energy intake through diet and energy expended on daily physical activities and basal metabolism. Optimizing the lives of obese people means providing them with tools and resources to improve their health and wellbeing. This can include nutritional counseling, exercise programs tailored to their needs. A personalized approach that takes into account individual needs is essential to ensure effective and lasting results. A multi-omic and integrated approach can be an excellent alternative for understanding the mechanisms underlying this disease. Furthermore, after diagnosis, omic analyses can help identify simple dietary changes, nutritional supplements, physical activity, or lifestyle modifications that could improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from this condition.

Carbohydrate metabolism pathway, Lipids metabolism pathway, amino acids metabolism pathway, Cell function pathway, Oxidative stress Pathway

Genomic Markers: ADIPOQ, LEP, LEPR, KCNJ11, AMY1A, UCP2, UCP3, PPARG, PYGM, FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, SOD2, AS3MT, CYP1A2, ADORA2A, BPIFB4
Metabolomic Markers: Citric acid (citrate), Isocitric acid (isocitrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Malic acid (malate), Oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate), Alanine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Serine, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), L-Carnitine (levocarnitine), Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, Arginine, Asparagine, Cysteine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Vitamin E
Proteomic Markers: α-Amylase (Ptyalin), Salivary Lipase, Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Cystatin C, Cystatin D, Lactoperoxidase, Lactoferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), S100A8/A9 (Calprotectin), Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)

Scientific Article Box

Vettori A, Pompucci G, Paolini B, Del Ciondolo I, Bressan S, Dundar M, Kenanoğlu S, Unfer V, Bertelli M; Geneob Project. Genetic background, nutrition and obesity: a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Feb;23(4):1751-1761. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17137. PMID: 30840300.
Bonetti G, Herbst KL, Donato K, Dhuli K, Kiani AK, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Iaconelli A, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements for obesity. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E160-E168. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2757. PMID: 36479472; PMCID: PMC9710396.

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LYMPHEDEMA

Lymphedema is a condition characterized by the stagnation of lymph in various districts of the body, often caused by a blockage or impairment of the lymphatic system. To optimize the lives of patients with lymphedema, several treatments are available. Lymphatic drainage, a manual massage that stimulates the lymphatic system, is particularly effective. Compression bandages, such as sleeves, help maintain a pressure gradient, while intermittent pneumatic compression is another option that can be used to improve lymphatic circulation in the extremities. A proper diet of food could also help those with lymphedema; it is advisable to avoid those foods that increase the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the tissues. A multi-omic and integrated approach can be an excellent alternative for understanding the mechanisms underlying this disease. Furthermore, after diagnosis, omics analyses can help identify simple dietary changes, nutritional supplements, physical activity, or lifestyle modifications that could improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from this condition.

Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Cell Signaling Pathway

Genomic Markers: SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1 ,TLR7 ,TMPRSS2 ,CYP2D6 ,IRF5 ,IL1B ,TERT ,PON1 ,LTA ,TNFRSF1B ,IL17A ,IL6 ,C5orf52 ,ARMH4 ,LTB4R ,LTA4H ,TLR2 ,TLR4 ,HGF ,EPHB4 ,IL1R1 ,IL4 ,IL6 ,IL10, NFKB2 ,SYK ,ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, VEGFA, GHRL, CNTF, VEGFC, \AGT, HGF, ADIPOQ, NGF, TH, BDNF, ANGPT2, AGRP, HSD11B1, ACE2, BDKRN2, DRD2, ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, INSR, FLT4, LEPR, NR3C2, MC4R, NRP2, NTRK1
Metabolomic Markers: : Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Estrone, Testosterone, Progesterone, Androstenedione, Aldosterone, Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2)
Proteomic Markers: Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)

Scientific Article Box

Bonetti G, Dhuli K, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements in lymphedema. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E200-E205. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2761. PMID: 36479479; PMCID: PMC9710411.
Bhusan Tripathi Y, Pandey N, Mishra P, Tripathi P, Coatto M, Anpilogov K, Dhuli K, Donato K, Michelini S, Cecchin S, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Paolacci S, Bertelli M. Effect of a dietary supplement on the reduction of lymphedema-progression in mouse tail-cut model. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Dec;25(1 Suppl):56-66. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27334. PMID: 34890035.
Dhuli K, Ceccarini MR, Precone V, Maltese PE, Bonetti G, Paolacci S, Dautaj A, Guerri G, Marceddu G, Beccari T, Michelini S, Bertelli M. Improvement of quality of life by intake of hydroxytyrosol in patients with lymphedema and association of lymphedema genes with obesity. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Dec;25(1 Suppl):33-42. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27331. PMID: 34890032.

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LIPEDEMA

Lipedema is a chronic condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat, usually in the legs and arms, which can lead to swelling, pain, and tenderness. To optimize the lives of patients with lipedema, it is essential to provide adequate education about the condition and available treatment options. These may include conservative therapies such as weight control and physical therapy. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, physical therapists, nutritionists and a multiomics analysis integration can help patients manage lipedema effectively by identifying simple diet changes, nutritional supplements, physical activity, or lifestyle modifications that could help improve their quality of life.

Lipid Metabolism Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Cell Signaling Pathway

Genomic Markers: FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1 , TLR7 , TMPRSS2 , CYP2D6 , IRF5 , IL1B , TERT , PON1 , LTA , TNFRSF1B , IL17A , IL6 , C5orf52 , ARMH4 , LTB4R , LTA4H , TLR2 , TLR4 , HGF , EPHB4 , IL1R1 , IL4 , IL6 , IL10, NFKB2 , SYK , ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, VEGFA, GHRL, CNTF, VEGFC, AGT, HGF, ADIPOQ, NGF, TH, BDNF, ANGPT2, AGRP, HSD11B1, ACE2, BDKRN2, DRD2, ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, INSR, FLT4, LEPR, NR3C2, MC4R, NRP2, NTRK1
Metabolomic Markers: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), L-Carnitine (levocarnitine), Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Estrone, Testosterone, Progesterone, Androstenedione, Aldosterone, Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2)
Proteomic Markers: Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)

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Bonetti G, Herbst KL, Dhuli K, Kiani AK, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ceccarini MR, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Codini M, Beccari T, Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements for lipedema. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E169-E173. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2758. PMID: 36479502; PMCID: PMC9710418.
Kaftalli J, Bonetti G, Marceddu G, Dhuli K, Maltese PE, Donato K, Herbst KL, Michelini S, Chiurazzi P, Hill M, Michelini S, Michelini S, Bernini A, Bertelli M. AKR1C1 and hormone metabolism in lipedema pathogenesis: a computational biology approach. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Dec;27(6 Suppl):137-147. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34698. PMID: 38112954.
Michelini S, Chiurazzi P, Marino V, Dell'Orco D, Manara E, Baglivo M, Fiorentino A, Maltese PE, Pinelli M, Herbst KL, Dautaj A, Bertelli M. Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1) as the First Mutated Gene in a Family with Nonsyndromic Primary Lipedema. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 29;21(17):6264. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176264. PMID: 32872468; PMCID: PMC7503355.
Michelini S, Herbst KL, Precone V, Manara E, Marceddu G, Dautaj A, Maltese PE, Paolacci S, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Sorrentino E, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Gagliardi L, Miggiano GAD, Bertelli M. A Multi-Gene Panel to Identify Lipedema-Predisposing Genetic Variants by a Next-Generation Sequencing Strategy. J Pers Med. 2022 Feb 11;12(2):268. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020268. PMID: 35207755; PMCID: PMC8877075.

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ANOREXIA

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to food restriction and obsessive behaviors regarding food and body weight. To optimize and improve the lives of patients with anorexia, it is essential to take a comprehensive approach involving a range of mental health professionals, physicians, and nutritionists. It is critical to establish a balanced nutritional plan that aims to restore a healthy body weight and address nutritional deficiencies that may result from dietary restriction. A multiomic and integrated approach can be an excellent alternative for understanding the mechanisms underlying this disease. Furthermore, after diagnosis, omic analyses can help identify simple dietary changes, nutritional supplements, physical activity, or lifestyle modifications that could improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from this condition.

Immunity and Inflammation Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Cell Signaling Pathway

Genomic Markers: SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1 , TLR7 , TMPRSS2 , CYP2D6 , IRF5 , IL1B , TERT , PON1 , LTA , TNFRSF1B , IL17A , IL6 , C5orf52 , ARMH4 , LTB4R , LTA4H , TLR2 , TLR4 , HGF , EPHB4 , IL1R1 , IL4 , IL6 , IL10, NFKB2 , SYK , ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, VEGFA, GHRL, CNTF, VEGFC, AGT, HGF, ADIPOQ, NGF, TH, BDNF, ANGPT2, AGRP, HSD11B1, ACE2, BDKRN2, DRD2, ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, INSR, FLT4, LEPR, NR3C2, MC4R, NRP2, NTRK1
Metabolomic Markers: Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Estrone, Testosterone, Progesterone, Androstenedione, Aldosterone, Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2)
Proteomic Markers: Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)

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Donato K, Medori MC, Macchia A, Cecchin S, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Benfatti V, Dalla Ragione L, Micheletti PCC, Dhuli K, Madeo G, Bonetti G, Marceddu G, Bertelli M. Genetic variants identified in novel candidate genes for anorexia nervosa and analysis of molecular pathways for diagnostic applications. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Dec;27(6 Suppl):77-88. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34692. Erratum in: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024 Mar;28(6):2627. PMID: 38112957.
Donato K, Ceccarini MR, Dhuli K, Bonetti G, Medori MC, Marceddu G, Precone V, Xhufi S, Bushati M, Bozo D, Beccari T, Bertelli M. Gene variants in eating disorders. Focus on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E297-E305. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2772. PMID: 36479493; PMCID: PMC9710388.
Ceccarini MR, Precone V, Manara E, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Benfatti V, Dhuli K, Donato K, Guerri G, Marceddu G, Chiurazzi P, Dalla Ragione L, Beccari T, Bertelli M. A next generation sequencing gene panel for use in the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord. 2022 Jun;27(5):1869-1880. doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01331-0. Epub 2021 Nov 25. PMID: 34822136.
Paolacci S, Kiani AK, Manara E, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Stuppia L, Chiurazzi P, Dalla Ragione L, Bertelli M. Genetic contributions to the etiology of anorexia nervosa: New perspectives in molecular diagnosis and treatment. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2020 Jul;8(7):e1244. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1244. Epub 2020 May 5. PMID: 32368866; PMCID: PMC7336737.

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RETINAL DISEASES

Retinal diseases include a wide range of conditions that affect the back of the eye, the retina, and cause symptoms such as blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision, visual distortions, and, in some cases, blindness. Treatments such as intravitreal drug injections, laser therapy, etc. can be used to manage specific retinal conditions. A balanced diet, regular exercise and control of risk factors can help maintain retinal health and prevent existing conditions from worsening. A multi-omic and integrated approach can be an excellent alternative for understanding the mechanisms underlying this disease. Furthermore, after diagnosis, omic analyses can help identify simple dietary changes, nutritional supplements, physical activity, or lifestyle modifications that could improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from this condition.

Vitamin A Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Cell Signaling Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

Genomic Markers:BCO1, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1 , TLR7 , TMPRSS2 , CYP2D6 , IRF5 , IL1B , TERT , PON1 , LTA , TNFRSF1B , IL17A , IL6 , C5orf52 , ARMH4 , LTB4R , LTA4H , TLR2 , TLR4 , HGF , EPHB4 , IL1R1 , IL4 , IL6 , IL10, NFKB2 , SYK , ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN, VEGFA, GHRL, CNTF, VEGFC, AGT, HGF, ADIPOQ, NGF, TH, BDNF, ANGPT2, AGRP, HSD11B1, ACE2, BDKRN2, DRD2, ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, INSR, FLT4, LEPR, NR3C2, MC4R, NRP2, NTRK1
Metabolomic Markers: Arginine, Glutamine, Histidine, Tryptophan, Cortisol, Cortisone, Estradiol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin), Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), Leukotriene D4 (LTD4), Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), Citrate, Isocitrate, α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate, Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Estrone, Testosterone, Progesterone, Androstenedione, Aldosterone, Prostaglandin A2 (PGA2), Prostaglandin B2 (PGB2)
Proteomic Markers: Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin

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Medori MC, Naureen Z, Dhuli K, Placidi G, Falsini B, Bertelli M. Dietary supplements in retinal diseases, glaucoma, and other ocular conditions. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E189-E199. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2760. PMID: 36479474; PMCID: PMC9710404.
Kiani AK, Falsini B, Ziccardi L, Gusson E, Mangialavori D, Allegrini F, Colao E, Bertelli M. Flavonoid supplements increase neurotrophin activity to modulate inflammation in retinal genetic diseases. Acta Biomed. 2020 Nov 9;91(13-S):e2020014. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10683. PMID: 33170164; PMCID: PMC8023125.
Piccardi M, Fadda A, Martelli F, Marangoni D, Magli A, Minnella AM, Bertelli M, Di Marco S, Bisti S, Falsini B. Antioxidant Saffron and Central Retinal Function in ABCA4-Related Stargardt Macular Dystrophy. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 15;11(10):2461. doi: 10.3390/nu11102461. PMID: 31618812; PMCID: PMC6835540.
Placidi G, Maltese PE, Savastano MC, D'Agostino E, Cestrone V, Bertelli M, Chiurazzi P, Maceroni M, Minnella AM, Ziccardi L, Parisi V, Rizzo S, Falsini B. Retinitis Pigmentosa Associated with EYS Gene Mutations: Disease Severity Staging and Central Retina Atrophy. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Feb 23;13(5):850. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13050850. PMID: 36899994; PMCID: PMC10000790.

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Cardiovascular diseases represent a broad category of disorders involving the heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. These conditions can cause a range of symptoms and complications, compromising patients' health and quality of life. To optimize and improve the lives of patients with cardiovascular disease, it is critical to take an integrated approach involving risk factor management and lifestyle modifications. This may include blood pressure control, diabetes monitoring and treatment, cholesterol management, and weight control. A multi-omic and integrated approach can be an excellent alternative for understanding the mechanisms underlying this disease. Furthermore, after diagnosis, omics analyses can help identify simple dietary changes, nutritional supplements, physical activity, or lifestyle modifications that could improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from this condition. In addition, it is essential to promote a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and regular exercise.

Lipids metabolism Pathway, Carbohydrate Metabolism Pathway, Cell Function Pathway, Vitamin B’s Pathway, Immunity and Inflammation Pathway

Genomic Markers: FADS1, FTO, APOA2, APOA5, APOC3, LIPC, TFAP2B, PCSK9, LPL, UCP1, ELOVL2, CPT2, AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3, SRD5A3, ATXN1, FOXP1, NR3C2, RORA, SMAD6, PTPRD, ADIPOQ, INSR, PPARG, GRCh38.p14, ADIPOQ, LEP, LEPR, KCNJ11, AMY1A, UCP2, UCP3, PPARG, PYGM, ALPL, CBS, MTHFR, FUT2, CUBN, MTRR, SCN9A, CLTRN, RAVER1 , TLR7 , TMPRSS2 , CYP2D6 , IRF5 , IL1B , TERT , PON1 , LTA , TNFRSF1B , IL17A , IL6 , C5orf52 , ARMH4 , LTB4R , LTA4H , TLR2 , TLR4 , HGF , EPHB4 , IL1R1 , IL4 , IL6 , IL10, NFKB2 , SYK , ALOX5, GABPB1, NCOA2, NCOA1, FOXC2, EPAS1, RAVER1, MCM6, RFC4, TERT, PTBP2, VCAM1, TAS1R2, SCN9A, GRID1, GPRC5B, KCNJ11, FLG, ACTN3, MSTN
Metabolomic Markers: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), L-Carnitine (levocarnitine), Acetyl-L-carnitine, Propionyl-L-carnitine, Butyryl-L-carnitine, Isovaleryl-L-carnitine, Hexanoyl-L-carnitine, Octanoyl-L-carnitine, Decanoyl-L-carnitine, Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine, Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, Citric acid (citrate), Isocitric acid (isocitrate), α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-ketoglutarate), Succinic acid (succinate), Fumaric acid (fumarate), Malic acid (malate), Oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate), Alanine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Serine, Arginine, Asparagine, Cysteine, Histidine, Leucine/Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Glucose, Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), Vitamin B7 (Biotin), Vitamin B9 (Folic acid), Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Proteomic Markers: Albumin, ApoA, ApoB, α-Amylase (Ptyalin), Salivary Lipase, Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Lysozyme, Lactoperoxidase, Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), Lactoferrin, Transferrin, Ceruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Complement C3, Complement C5, Complement C3a, Complement C5a, Properdin, Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-23 (IL-23)

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Krasi G, Precone V, Paolacci S, Stuppia L, Nodari S, Romeo F, Perrone M, Bushati V, Dautaj A, Bertelli M. Genetics and pharmacogenetics in the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Acta Biomed. 2019 Sep 30;90(10-S):7-19. doi: 10.23750/abm.v90i10-S.8748. PMID: 31577248; PMCID: PMC7233637.
Naureen Z, Dhuli K, Donato K, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Iaconelli A, Bertelli M. Foods of the Mediterranean diet: tomato, olives, chili pepper, wheat flour and wheat germ. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E4-E11. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2740. PMID: 36479499; PMCID: PMC9710402.

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